A scientifically-grounded RL environment simulating real farming decisions — irrigation scheduling, pest management, and season optimisation — built on FAO-56, ICAR IPM, and AGMARKNET data.
Server models soil moisture via FAO-56 water balance, crop growth via GDD, weather from 3 Indian regions, and pest populations using ICAR thresholds — updated every simulated day.
An AI agent reads moisture levels, pest counts, 7-day forecasts, and market prices — then decides whether to irrigate, spray pesticides, or harvest.
Every decision scores against FAO-56 equations, ICAR economic thresholds, and AGMARKNET prices. Dense per-step rewards in [−1.0, 1.0] — zero arbitrary heuristics.
Manage rice irrigation for 14 days during the critical tillering stage. Read soil moisture depletion against RAW thresholds and balance against 7-day rainfall forecasts to avoid both stress and waterlogging.
Control whitefly and bollworm pressure over 30 days. Apply pesticides only when pest populations reach ICAR Economic Thresholds — rotate chemicals to prevent resistance buildup and preserve natural enemies.
Manage a complete 110-day tomato Rabi season. Simultaneously optimise irrigation, pest and disease management, and harvest timing against volatile AGMARKNET market prices with 65% annual volatility.
| Crop & Variety | Season | Days | Max Yield | MSP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice IR-64 | Kharif | 120 | 6.5 t/ha | ₹2,183/q |
| Wheat HD-2967 | Rabi | 140 | 5.5 t/ha | ₹2,275/q |
| Bt-Cotton RCH-2 | Kharif | 180 | 2.8 t/ha | ₹6,620/q |
| Tomato Pusa Ruby | Rabi | 110 | 25.0 t/ha | No MSP |
| Soil Name | Texture | FC% | WP% | Drainage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black Cotton (Vertisol) | Clay | 42% | 22% | Slow |
| Alluvial (IGP) | Sandy Loam | 32% | 14% | Good |
| Red Laterite | Loamy Sand | 22% | 10% | Excessive |
| Medium Loamy | Loam | 35% | 16% | Moderate |
| Crop | Base MSP | Annual Volatility | Grade A Premium | Harvest Glut Disc. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice | ₹2,183/q | 12% | +15% | −8% |
| Wheat | ₹2,275/q | 9.5% | +12% | −6% |
| Cotton | ₹6,620/q | 22% | +25% | −12% |
| Tomato | ₹1,500/q | 65% | +35% | −25% |
| Region | Climate Zone | Elevation | Avg Tmax (Jun) | Annual Rain |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pune, Maharashtra | Semi-arid | 560 m | 29.5°C | ~663 mm |
| Ludhiana, Punjab | Semi-arid Continental | 247 m | 40.1°C | ~418 mm |
| Guntur, Andhra Pradesh | Tropical Semi-arid | 31 m | 36.8°C | ~631 mm |
Daily crop water demand calculation via ET₀ × Kc. Used for all irrigation scheduling reward functions and soil water balance equations across all tasks.
Economic Thresholds (ET) and Economic Injury Levels (EIL) for whitefly, bollworm, brown planthopper, stem borer, and fruit borer in Indian conditions.
Wholesale market price data used for monthly price indices, seasonal volatility profiles, grade premiums, and harvest glut discount modelling.
Commission for Agricultural Costs & Prices official Minimum Support Prices used as price floor benchmarks in season optimiser reward calculations.
Beer-Lambert law applied to NDVI-LAI relationship for crop canopy monitoring, growth stage estimation, and yield potential tracking throughout the season.
India Meteorological Department normals for Pune (MH), Ludhiana (PB), and Guntur (AP) used as stochastic weather simulation seeds with realistic uncertainty.
Dense per-step rewards provide continuous feedback. Positive for correct irrigation, timely pest intervention, optimal harvest timing. Negative for water stress, unnecessary sprays, pesticide resistance, waterlogging, and premature or late harvest.